The China Greenhouse Gas Budget (CNGHG) dataset provides high spatial resolution (0.1°) annual emissions and land sinks for three main greenhouse gases (i.e., CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O) in China over the past two decades. This dataset does not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan because of their limited statistical data.

This dataset is developed according to IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories and utilizes a dual constraint approach recognized by the Global Carbon Project, combining both "bottom-up" and "top-down" methods to comprehensively account for source-sink fluxes across all sectors: energy, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), agriculture/forestry and other land use (AFOLU), and waste. By integrating various methodologies, including emission factor methods, ecosystem process-based models, atmospheric inversions, and data-driven models, the dataset significantly improves the accuracy of greenhouse gas fluxes, adds calculation of several new source emissions, and provides detailed sub-sector level flux data characterized by high accuracy, temporal continuity, and near-real-time updates.

Through the comprehensive measurement system that integrates diverse data sources and methodological constraints, the CNGHG dataset effectively evaluates the historical changes and current status of China’s greenhouse gas budget. It facilitates the "measurable, reportable, and verifiable" tracking of greenhouse gas emissions in China, providing essential data support for timely monitoring and assessing progress towards carbon neutrality, as well as for developing pathways to achieve it.